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It has been reported that vinblastine, anticancer drug, is a neuroteratogen inducing various neural malformations such as microcephaly and neural tube defect(NTD), but the study on the toxicity of neuroglial cells, especially type-1 astrocytes using culture system is not well established. In order to evaluate the cytotoxicity of vinblastine on cultured type-1 astrocytes of neonatal rat brain in vitro. MTT assay and also light and electron microscopic studies were carried out. The results were as follows: 1. MTT_90 and MTT_50 in cultured type-1 astrocytes were 1×10 exp (-1) μM and 1×10 exp (2)μM of vinblastine, respectively. 2. Vinblastine was highly toxic in cultured type-1 astrocytes(MTT_50 ≤ 100 μM). 3. In a light microscopy, cultured type-1 astrocytes showed decrease of cells in number, cytoplasmic perforation, vacuolization and cytoplasmic granulation after cultured type-1 astrocytes were treated with 1×10 exp (2)μM of vinblastine for 24 hours. Cultured type-1 astrocytes damaged by vinblastine showed degenerative changes of cells morphologically. 4. In an electron microscopy, increment of glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP), increased free-ribosomes, cisternal dilatation of rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER). few dense bodies and vacuoles were shown in cultured type-1 astrocytes treated with 1×10 exp (2)μM of vinblastine for 24 hours. The results indicate that vinblastine has markedly cytotoxic effect on the type-1 astrocytes of neonatal rat brain in vitro study.
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